Feminist Reading of Hardy’s the Return of the Native Essay

Most of Hardy’s novels or better to say all of them are considered to be modern. In fact, one can notice so many features of modern novels in his fiction. By referring to Robert Schweik’s article (1994) pertaining to the idea that Hardy has influenced so many modern novelists such as D.H. Lawrence, one of the key critics of Hardy novels, chiefly in the notion of feminine and treatment of women which is one of the distinguishing features in his fiction. One can regard this type of treatment of women in Jude the Obscure, the sixth and the last of his major fictions, in a way that Sue, the heroine of the novel, is a liberated, unconventional and broadminded feminine who rebels against the conventions of the Victorian society. Although at the end Sue thrusts upon the social laws and ideologies, she is very much a modern type of woman or as Elaine Showalter stated the obvious in her division of the female literary tradition into three stages . Here the second stage is immensely relevant that is the stage of protest against the standards and the values and, a call for autonomy (Literature of their own, 13) Hardy established in his fiction. Moreover, by making a female character like Tess, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Hardy tries to criticize the Victorian society, the very strict one with that particular Victorian code and respectability which is a traditional type of dealing with women in the community in which the only way to protest is to commit suicide. While many critics have disagreed with the matter that Hardy treats with his heroines in a kind and tender way, Rosemarie Morgan gives us evidence regarding this idea: â€Å"While he [Hardy] was writing the Return of the Native†¦he was reading the works of a woman he greatly admired, whom he regarded as one of the â€Å"Immortals† of the literature, and who has happened to be highly unconventional—he was reading George Sand Mauprat and was taking notes.†(Morgan, 1988: 41) Hence, this statement tells us that Hardy’s favorite novelist was an openly and defiantly unconventional and liberated woman whose writings Hardy thinks highly of. Morgan also goes on with this idea and bestows on us a nice  statement from Sand’s novel which were Hardy’s notes: â€Å"Men imagine that a woman has no individual existence, and that she ought always to be absorbed in them: and yet they love no wo- man deeply unless she elevates herself, by her character above the weakness and inertia of her sex.† (Morgan, 1988: 41-42) Interestingly, the â€Å"existence† of such a female resulted in many heroines in novels of Hardy and those come after him. The Return of the Native is perhaps the strongest example of Hardy’s demonstration of struggle of women to establish their identities. In fact, it is the document of their attempts and battles against natural and social laws. The purpose of this paper also is to have a feminist reading through using the recurrent theme of individual as Eustacia versus society as patriarchal society with its own ideologies and conventions. By considering Wollstonecraft’s concept â€Å"women’s duty†, the idea that is mostly applicable to Victorian women and mostly the folk people of Hardy’s novels like what one sees in characters like Thomasin or Susan Nunsuch or Olly (what simply they call her â€Å"besom-maker†), his heroines like Eustacia are against this notion. In fact, there is a redefinition of that very concept in his fiction The novel demonstrates a restless passionate woman searching for fulfillment in the monotonous surroundings of Egdon Heath, where the inhabitants are steeped in the older traditional ways of life. Eustacia considered being a discontented and passionate dreamer who dismisses the opinions of society. She is mysterious by nature and has â€Å"Pagan eyes, full of nocturnal mysteries†¦..assuming that the souls of men and women are visible essences, you could fancy the color of Eustacia’s soul to be flame-like† (The Return of the Native: 51) Certainly, Eustacia has a reputation on Egdon Heath of witchcraft, as a person whose only desire is to use her beauty as a means of attracting the men. One can observe how the folk women hate her, that how they talk behind her or also there is almost no conversation between Eustacia and the other female characters throughout the novel. As evidence, there is a scene in the church, exactly the time of Wildeve and Thomasin marriage, â€Å"Susan had pricked Miss. Vye with a long stocking needle† (RN: 149), as a means of her hatred. But, just in opposite, whatever is thought by the folk people is not Hardy’s objective. He attempts to  criticize the narrow-mindedness of such people, their counterfeit superstitions particularly religious ones. Using Althusser’s â€Å"Ideology†, here, it is very much pertinent to the social laws, the church and what the â€Å"Fathers† are establishing. By reading closely the chapter called â€Å"Queen of Night†, the mysteries regarding Eustacia is unfolded. The common element in the chapter is the high spirited woman rebelling against the constructions of her pres cribed â€Å"woman’s lot† and seeking a life of wider personal freedom than customarily granted to women: â€Å"she had the passions and instincts which make a model goddess, that is, those which make not quite a model woman.† (RN: 55) Through studying the relationship between the men and the women in the novel, Eustacia and Wildeve and also Eustacia and Clym, any other mystery of such a woman will be resolved. First of all, the relationship between Eustacia and Wildeve is discussed. What is found in the character of Wildeve is that he is only a â€Å"womanizer†. What he does in the novel, is playing with women and mostly with Thomasin through procrastinating their marriage and preserving his affair with Eustacia. Oddly enough, only a letter being the reason to leave this woman and go for the marriage, however, later Wildeve returns to her all over again. Furthermore, the name he has chosen for his bar is also debatable which is â€Å"Quiet Woman Inn†. It symbolically presents the nature of a Victorian woman. As a matter of fact, not to go too far, Thomasin may be the main focus in this notion. She is â€Å"quiet lady-like little body† (RN: 19) as Susan calls her, also an obedient, devoted, pas sive one that later in the essay will be discussed more. The object of study of their relationship here is the matter of strength of Eustacia. Her nature proves that she is stronger than Wildeve, for she captivates and declines him in accordance with her tendency. She even threatens him to quit the legacy of passion she has presented upon him, â€Å"I had given you up, and resolved not to think of you anymore.† (RN: 52) thus, the belief that women are the â€Å"weaker sex† is eroded by Eustacia. In regard with the â€Å"power† and strength, also another interesting statement of Eustacia is bearable: â€Å"I determined you should come, and; you have come! I have shown my power. A mile and half hither, and a mile and back again to your home—three miles in the dark for me. Have I not shown my power?†(RN: 54) Moreover, in another important relationship in the novel between Eustacia and Clym, everything changes for  Eustacia. Clym has come from Paris, a city of ambitions for Eustacia, in fact, what she was r eally waiting for. But in an opposite way, an idealist and intellectual Clym is not very much interested in what her beloved thinks of. His core intention to return is just to improve his hometown, to educate them. He has forgotten that his hometown deals only with furze-cutting. Mrs. Yeobright tells him that â€Å"after all the trouble that has been taken to give a start, and when there is nothing to do but to keep straight on towards affluence, you say you will be a poor man’s schoolmaster. Your fancies will be your ruin† (RN 147), however, Clym is too idealistic to recognize that the rustics need material comfort before achieving spiritual contentment. It is intriguing that Clym is trying to uplift mankind rather than to recognize what has really happened to his own life or to Eustacia. It is obvious that he has only attracted to her physical beauty and just has thought of her as a helpmate for his idealistic job. Stave asserts that â€Å"Clym assumes marriage will relieve him of the distress of passion and will provide him a helpmate in his mission to educate the Egdon folk† (Stave, 1995: 60) . Or also in another scene he tells his mother that â€Å"she is excellently educated, and would make a good matron in a boarding-school.† (RN: 161-162). One can also say Clym defied and denied Eustacia’s desires in order to attain his personal ambitions. Oddly enough, the more she fights to avoid the hostility of the heath, the further it dominates her. She marries Clym to save her body and soul from hostile environment around her by leaving heath for Paris but, as it seems, she is quite unaware of the fact that in the patriarchal Victorian society, once a girl is married, she becomes the man’s estate, and is made to satisfy his desires. Actually, Eustacia’s hopes are shattered by her husband’s selfishness. Additionally, the main character foil in the novel is Thomasin, as Hardy calls her â€Å"a good heroine†. She is intriguingly defines herself â€Å"a practical woman, I don’t believe in hearts at all† (RN: 130). She symbolizes the ideal partner, an agreeable and devoted woman which is immensely in contrast to Eustacia. Thomasin, in the first eleven chapters of the book one, reveals her true purpose for marrying: it is not for love but for the family reputation she says: â€Å"But I don’t care personally if it never takes place,† she added with a little dignity; â€Å"no, I can live without you. It is aunt I think of.  She is so proud, and thinks so much of her family respecta- bility, that she will be cut down with mortification if this story should get abroad before— it is done.†(RN: 37) Hence, as it is said, she is a very idol of a Victorian woman who makes the men, like Wildeve, to tread the path of abusing the women as their own possession and property. In concluding what is said till now and by taking into account the most important female of the novel, one can say that from her first appearance till her tragic end, Eustacia is agonized because she does not consent to man’s desires and principles. Hardy desires her to commit suicide rather than be debased to living in a cottage with an indecisive idealist, and a blind man as Duffin observes â€Å"yields little allegiance to emotions† (Duffin, 1991: 201). Her tragic end is an indication of refusal to be an obedient, conventional and passive man. In fact, Hardy’s greater heroines are not static at all but are very much dynamic and just attempting to advance through the interaction of anything out the domestic world. Works Cited: Deen, L.W.1960. â€Å"Heroism and Pathos in The Return of the Native. †Nineteenth century Fiction,Vol.15,No.3,p.211. Duffin, H.1991. Thomas Hardy:A study of the Wessex Novels, The Poems, And The Dynasts, Anmol Publication, New Delhi. Hardy, T. 1995. The Return of the Native, Wordsworth Editions Limited, Hertfordshire. ———- . 1995. Jude the Obscure, Wordsworth Editions Limited, Hertfordshire Harvey, G. 2003. The complete critical guide to Thomas Hardy, Routledge,, London Millgate, M. 1971. Thomas Hardy: His Career as a Novelist, The Bodley Head, London and Sydney. Morgan,R.1988. Women and Sexuality in the Novels of Thomas Hardy,Routledge,London. ———-, 1992. Cancelled words: rediscovering Thomas Hardy, Routledge. London. Showalter, E. 1977. A literature of Their Own, University Press, Princeton. Schweik, R, 1994. â€Å"Modernity in Hardy’s Jude the Obscure† in Bloom’s Modern Critical Views: Thomas Hardy. Ed. Harold Bloom 2010. Infobase Publishing. Wolstonecraft, M: Vindication of the Rights of Women, Everyman Library, London.

Financial Statements for Internal Reporting vs. External Reporting Purposes

Financial Statements for Internal Reporting Purposes vs. Financial Statements for External Reporting Purposes It is common in most companies to maintain two set of financial statements; one being used/presented for internal reporting purposes and another for reporting externally. Internal reports are used primarily to aid management in the decision making process throughout the course of the business. These are subject to internal audit to make sure that all information reported are fair and correct, safeguard the assets of the company, assure compliance to laws and regulations, etc. The company employs the internal accountants and therefore, unregulated, although there are international standards for internal auditing. External Reports on the other hand, are to provide information on the financial position, performance and changes in the financial position of the company for a variety of users such as the government, shareholders, financial institutions, employees, vendors, and the public itself. These reports should be very understandable, and are assumed to be read by users who have reasonable knowledge on financials and business, and for those who are willing to study the information diligently. Most of the external users depend completely on these reports for their decision making. The reports are expected to be reliable so the companies should employ external auditors that are independent from the company. This is to avoid conflict of interests and bias towards the information presented by the company. Ideally, the financial statements that are audited by the internal auditors should be the same as the statements that would be subject to external audit. The problem arises when the company decided to report financial statements that are entirely different from the internally used and that of externally used. But still the intention of the company why it reported two different reports should be considered as well because that is where the ethical issue starts. If the company’s primary intention is to conceal the truth to avoid tax penalties, attract more investors, or lure a vendor to give a high credit limit, then the ethical standard of utilitarianism, rights and duties as well as the fairness and equity are violated. For utilitarianism approach, the external users will surely not benefit from the concealment. Their investments, assets, as well as the benefits from taxes are at risk. Only the company will benefit from it. In terms of the rights and duties approach, the shareholders has all the rights to know the true standing of the company and the duty of the company is to provide them the truth. The issue on fairness and equity is that other users may be able benefit from some concealment while others may not. Maintaining two sets of Financial Records/Statement has been a long practice for almost all if not all major companies worldwide. An example of which is the manner of reporting sunk costs. Companies do recognize sinking cost in the Financial Statement. While this could be creditable as expense for tax accounting purposes, the said cost is no longer relevant for management decision thus no longer required in the books for Internal Purposes. Keeping two books would allow company executives to better examine items that matter to them especially those which affect the company in the future. There is nothing wrong in maintain two sets of books specially if the reports are in accordance the accounting guidelines such as the GAAP or other statutory requirements required by the government where the company operates and are prepared in accordance with the Bureau of Internal Revenue regulations. As explained above, the books for internal management are for their use only and need not be shown to the public or used in taxation purposes.

Bharti Airtel Mobile Services Marketing Essay

Bharti Airtel Mobile Services Marketing Essay Airtel is the 3rd largest mobile operator in the world in terms of subscriber base. However, its revenue per subscriber is significantly lower as compared to American and European counterparts. However, Airtel has been facing pressures due to slowing revenue growth and slimming margins. While a lot of the factors are macroeconomic, this paper attempts to do a microeconomic analysis on Airtel and its environment. An Analysis of Bharti Airtel Mobile Services Ltd. Using Microeconomic Tools Bharti Airtel Limited, a part of Bharti Enterprises, is one of the leading providers of telecommunication services with significant presence in India. It has its operations spread over 20 countries across South Asia, Africa and Channel Islands. Profile Bharti Airtel has abou0074 194.183 million subscribers in India and South Asia and 55.855 million GSM Mobile customers in Africa as of the end of June 2012. The Proportionate Revenue of Bharti Airtel as on June 30, 2012 is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹ 193,501 milli on (Overview). Currently, Airtel is the largest cellular service provider in India in terms of number of subscribers. Bharti Airtel holds the maximum percentage of market share in wireless connections at 20.67%, Vodafone is at 16.96%, Reliance at 14.68%, Idea at 12.88% and BSNL is at 10.81% (News report – Medianama) The businesses at Bharti Airtel have been structured into three individual strategic business units (SBU’s): Mobile services, Telemedia services (ATS) & Enterprise services (Carriers & Services to Corporates) Ownership and Organizational Structure: Bharti Airtel was established on July 7, 1995 as a public listed company headquartered in New Delhi, India. With effect from Jan 13, 2010, a new integrated organizational structure has emerged with an objective to enhance Airtel focus on expanding operations in international markets beyond India and South Asia and further consolidate its leadership position in India. The transformed organizational structure consi sts of two distinct Customer Business Units (CBU) with clear focus on B2C (Business to Customer) and B2B (Business to Business) segments. Bharti Airtel’s B2C business unit comprehensively serves the retail consumers, homes and small offices, by combining business units such as Mobile, Telemedia, Digital TV and other emerging businesses (like M-commerce, M-health, M-advertising etc.). Figure 1: Airtel’s Organization Chart (Overview) The B2C organization encompasses Consumer Business and Market Operations. Bharti Airtel has understood the importance of its partners to remain competitive in a dynamic business environment. As a step in that direction, the Supply Chain (SCM) function has been created with a mandate to develop partner relationships to maximize mutual opportunities for growth and profitability. The SCM organization has a central core team of supply chain subject matter experts and execution teams operating under different business divisions across the country . Business Model Focus on core competencies and outsource the rest Airtel is probably one of the best run companies in India. It has advantages of both having a massive size and being in a very high growth industry. The secret of its enormous success owes a lot to its business model. Airtel focuses solely on two things: Customer acquisition & Servicing and business development/Expansion. The main focus of Airtel has been on Data IP solutions, conferencing and Video solutions and wants to grab the potential of market of these business sectors. The other functions such as hardware, network, backend applications (billing etc.), value added services and even telecom infrastructure are all outsourced. Airtel was the first player in India in pioneering such a business model. Airtel has outsourced its Network Management services to players like Nokia Siemens Networks and Ericsson, while its backend application is taken care by IBM. It was also the first to divest its hard assets, i.e. â₠¬â€œ its telecom towers – to a separate company and lease them back themselves as well as monetize surplus bandwidth by selling to other operators.

Psychology experiement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology experiement - Essay Example Their reaction to the picture will be measured by the effects of holding hot or iced tea. At the end of the experiment, they will fill out a questionnaire to measure their reaction to the weather in the picture while holding the tea. The sample size for the current study will be 12 people. The population has been selected due to the perception of weather by males and females. The questionnaire will include gender, race and questions that determine the perception of the weather in the picture while holding a hot and cold object. With that, the Iced tea group answered it was summer in the picture while the Hot tea group answered it was winter. The picture doesn't have anything that indicates weather such as people or trees. My hypothesis is that people who hold the tea would answer that the picture was taken in fall or winter because of the tea that they hold. However, the result is different. They thought it was the sea in summer when holding iced tea while the hot tea group answered it was winter. They thought it was the sea in winter except one. From there, people have different experience about sea, and weather, therefore I could not control it.

Economics 3400 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics 3400 - Essay Example Currently McDonalds manages more than 31,000 outlets across the world while providing employment to greater than 1.5 million people. Approximately, one in eight people from the US labor force have worked as employees of McDonalds. Any McDonalds restaurant is managed by a McDonalds itself, an affiliate, or the franchisees. The companys sales are generated through the royalties, rental of property, and charges submitted by the franchisees, and sales generated from firm-operated outlets. McDonalds sells various burgers and sandwiches such as Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, McArabia and McChicken. Other than burgers it also sells breakfast items like oatmeal and hotcakes. To make sure that the firm is not criticized for promoting unhealthy eating habits fresh salads, low fat milk, smoothies and fruit are also sold. Most outlets of McDonalds provide both counter and drive-through services. The services can be both indoor and occasionally outdoor seating. In 1975, after observing other fast food companies Drive-Thru was started in Arizona. To adapt to the recent preference for premium coffee and the overall reputation of coffee shops, McDonalds launched McCafà ©, similar to Starbucks. After making changes to the interior dining areas and facilities certain Australian stores of McDonalds have observed a 60% rise in sales. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600 McCafà ©s located across the world. A few McDonalds located in out-of-town residential areas and specific cities have enormous indoor or outdoor playgrounds. In 1987 the first â€Å"PlayPlace† with the well-known crawl-tube shape with ball craters and slides was introduced in America. Various â€Å"PlayPlaces† were constructed afterwards. Some PlayPlace areas have been redesigned and converted into "R Gym" areas. In 2006, McDonalds redesigned all of its restaurants. This was the first major change in interior since the 1970s. The aim of this modification

Terrorist Event Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terrorist Event Response Paper - Essay Example ving in to the terrorists’ demands as part of their counterterrorism strategies, the terrorists become more innovative in devising changes in the nature of their terrorist threats. The effects of terrorist activities on the economy of a country besieged by violent attacks could not be ignored. These activities hamper investment opportunities and erode public and investor confidence. In addition, terrorist activities limit economic growth because more government funds are being allocated for security and defense. In this regard, as the part-time emergency management director of a small country with a small population and a small tax base, I am tasked with the responsibility of describing how limited resources would be leveraged to respond to a terrorist event. Due to the methods, weapons used, impact and threats that terrorist activities create in peoples’ lives; various organizations must be prepared to respond in cases of terrorist attacks. Terrorists have shifted their focus to utilizing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) which poses more danger to human lives, properties and environmental safety. Further, with the advancement in technology, terrorists utilize the World Wide Web as a means to proliferate their agenda. In this regard, the response procedure that must be applied and divulged through all local units of the government is that of a tiered response which â€Å"emphasizes that response to incidents should be handled at the lowest jurisdictional level capable of handling the work. The vast majority of incidents are, in fact, managed locally.†( USDNS, 2008, 27) This means each and every member of the local government unit, private sector representatives, emergency responders, and the community, in general, must par ticipate in awareness and in building response capabilities. As emphasized in the US Department of National Security (USDNS), the National Response Framework (2008, 27) the â€Å"three phases of effective response: prepare, respond, and

The role of social classes in the great Gatsby Research Paper

The role of social classes in the great Gatsby - Research Paper Example Fortunately, he becomes rich and starts to live at West Egg (Fitzgerald, 2012). His fight to win back his lover (Daisy) from his current husband, Tom, is used by the author of the novel to represent the role of social class. This portrays the difference between the rich and the poor (two social classes). â€Å"There is a difference between simply being a rich person (nouveau riche) and being rich and learned (old money), and this means that although Gatsby is rich he cannot fake education or the characteristics of a rich man† (Fà ¤lth, 2013). To begin with, towards the end of this novel, the narrator, Nick, meets the father of Gatsby during arrangements of his funeral. This part reveals how Gatsby had become rich and the way his social class had transformed. The father of Gatsby is an old man and was living a very simple life since he was not that rich. The house he is currently living was bought by his son Gatsby. He starts to narrate to Nick how his son when he was young. He explains to him how Gatsby left home at his youth age to pursue a better life and he fortunately gained the wealth he dreamed of (Streissguth, 2009). This story enables the story teller to understand that Gatsby had become a very rich man, but still maintained the characters he had before changing his social status, which is very necessary for his character and personality (Svensson, 2012). At some point, the narrator tells Gatsby’s father, â€Å"they’re a rotten crowd; you’re worth the whole damn bunch put together (p. 44)†. At this point, Nick is referring to Tom and Daisy. This means that, Tom and Daisy, despite their high social class, they are different from Jay because they are far much behind in terms of behavior and character. Secondly, another part that reveals the role of social class in the novel is when Daisy is driving back home with Jordan and Gatsby and hits a woman. Instead of stopping and assess the situations, she drives away and the

First Amendment Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Amendment Rights - Essay Example The freedom of speech and expression has its downside and its negative effects include: discrimination and hatred caused due to religious freedom of expression, obscenity and biased content presented by media and protest against measures that are healthy for the overall society. One of the main reasons due to which the First Amendment was enacted was to protect the right of all religions to exercise their religion in a free manner. The issue with free exercise of religion is that religious groups preach their followers that their religion is superior to other religions and is the best religion. This has resulted in differences among individuals representing different religions and has led to the growth of biased attitudes of followers of one religion for followers of other religion (Basford, 2003, p.386). Another issue is that, Schools and Universities that are backed by religion such as Catholic schools even have students from different religions and these educational institutes ten d to promote their own religion within the educational institute as a result of freedom to exercise religious activities. This coerces followers of one religion to follow the teachings and practices of other religion. Another issue is that while religious teachers of different religions are preaching their followers, they tend to create hatred among their followers for people of different religions. Another reason due to which the First Amendment was enacted was to protect the media from any policies that could restrict their activities and content they use. Media is considered as an important part of the American society as it educates and provides information about day to day events that are taking place within the American society. But media has surely crossed its lines and has misused the freedom it had. Media used to be highly regulated through rules and regulations, scenes that are obscene in nature and information that is biased in nature was not allowed to be aired on media. Today, media openly provides biased information and acts as trial rooms for several issues and try to become the judge of these issues. There have been several instances where national TV channels such as CNN have aired obscenity. For example: The exposure of Jannet Jacson’s nudity on CNN which is a national TV channel (Anderson, 2004, p.1). Another important part of media is Internet and the access to internet has increased with the passage of time. One of the most troubling realities of Internet is the pornographic material that is promoted through it. Internet is used by people of all ages and the population that has gained majority in using internet is teenagers and children. This population tends to access pornographic material which is hampering their mental development. The First Amendment right of protesting against the government for the protection of individual rights has even caused several issues. The main problem caused by this clause is that the citizens might protest the government against making rules and regulations that are beneficial for the society and the government might be held responsible for conducting discrimination if it makes decision in favor of certain part of population, while the same decision might not be in favor of others. For example: the government is trying to use gun

Best practices in performance appraisal in government organizations Research Paper

Best practices in performance appraisal in government organizations - Research Paper Example Performance appraisal has been viewed as a crucial tool in the HRM and it helps in appraising the employee’s performances irrespective of the organizations they are working in. Government organizations have been pioneering in the field of performance appraisal of their employees. Since, government organizations have been serving the common people performance appraisal of these civil servants becomes mandatory. However, the requirement to mandate performance appraisal in the federal organization in order to measure performances is quiet evident. The civil servants of the system have faced certain backlogs in maintaining this standard of appraisal. The government of United States has been placing greater emphasis on the performance of their civil servants, for meeting up the expectations of their stakeholders and customers. However, one of the major problems faced by the government is regarding validating the standards of performance appraisal for maintaining transparency in the appraisal techniques (Maher, 2011). Moreover, it has also been observed that the current government workforce planning are lacking behind the set standards. This fragmented practice of the government, hinders their ability towards achieving their perceived targets. The unplanned structure of the government for the workforce management makes them deviate from their operations and results in lack of confidence within the people along with shattered market conditions (IBM, 2002). Government organization practices have largely been observed, to be the weakest while considering the performance appraisal approach. It has also been observed that many organizations, operating under the federal government, lacks proper tools for evaluating the performance appraisal of their employees (Rubin, 2011). The commercial institutions are more efficient in managing the employee performances and achieve their strategic goals. Moreover, the major backlog

Impact of attitudes in the workplace Term Paper

Impact of attitudes in the workplace - Term Paper Example A healthy and positive attitude in the workplace is extremely important for the organisation to run successfully in the business market. All tasks should be delegated in a proper and clear way so that everyone achieves the tasks in the required manner by the organisation. The attitude of the employee and the managers should be positive. The employees should perform their job roles in the required manner and the manager should have a positive way of dealing with the employees so that the attitudes of the employee remains productive and is of mutual benefit to both the employee and the organisation (Appelbaum 2002). The way the employee have their attitudes at the workplace affects the success of the organisation. The productivity level of the organisation is affected by the behavior of the attitudes in the workplace. At times employees may not be aware of this fact that their attitude has a strong impact on the workplace as well as on other colleagues. The positive attitudes of the employees tend to result in the productivity levels being increased for the organisation and negative attitudes tend to have the vice versa effect. The managers have a huge responsibility of getting the required level work done by their subordinates and if the attitude of the employee is not positive then the manager may have to face problems in getting the work done effectively and efficiently. The element of attitude has its influence from various sources and it may have effects on the managers at the workplace. The attitudes of the employees at work may not be influenced by just the pay scale. Their designation at workplace also affects their behavior at work. There are internal influences as well as external influences for the behavior and attitudes of the employees at workplace. The internal influences that affect attitude may be the

Scientific Management †Frederick Taylor Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management – Frederick Taylor Essay Abstract Frederic Taylor was one of the pioneers of management theory. His work was a product of the Industrial Revolution and the strict societal views and class structures of that day. Although scientific management is often criticized today, its key principles are still applicable in many areas of work and life. Scientific Management- Fredrick Taylor Employee management techniques and procedures are central to the effectiveness of a business. Every business must find a way to complete the tasks necessary for it to provide its goods and services to the marketplace. Because a business is unable to act unless all of its employees, from interns to the chief executive officer, act as a single team to achieve the goals the business has established, it is essential for a business to determine how it can affect these employees to have them produce the results the business needs. Today many management techniques and theories tend to center on the personality or character of employees and how best to affect people based on their psychology or personalities. For example, some theories center on the motivations that can drive a person to take action, others on how persons react to different management styles. Management theories today recognize that employees are a key part of a company and that management theories are not just about controlling employees. Management theories must consider how to motivate and encourage workers to perform their jobs. Management theories, however, must also consider the value of employees and that employees have different personalities and goals. There also is an understanding that there cannot be one management theory that works on all employees equally, on all types of businesses, or for all managers all of the time. The differences in setting, work, employer, manager, and employee must all be considered today. The most effective management theories of today are not meant to apply to all situations. Their developers understand that different situations and people require different  methods and techniques because today society understands that all people have individual needs and offer different potential. At the time of the industrial revolution, however, there was a belief that laborers and managers were different classes of people. The thought was that people should be treated differently based on their social status. Management techniques were not concerned with â€Å"who† an employe e was. Instead, management techniques were more concerned with assuring managers had order and control over employees, similar to the way a parent has over a child. While the goal was the same as it is today, to achieve company goals, the belief was that labor had no role to play other than to follow orders. There was no thought or expectation that a laborer could have any knowledge or character that the employer may benefit from. At that time it was the role of management to train or convert a person into what the company needed. When management though of employee or labor training, what it thought about was not training that would benefit the person the employee was. Instead, training was thought to be geared to improving the production of the employee for the benefit of the employee (Berdayes). The management style that was developed in this society, which remains one whose principles are still relevant today, was â€Å"Scientific Management†. It was a style geared to determining the best methods management could require employees to follow so that work was done most efficiently and productively (Berdayes). In fact, Taylor once indicated that managers/employer had to understand that: It is only when we fully realize that our duty, as well as our opportunity, lies in systematically cooperating to train and to make this competent man, instead of in hunting for a man whom someone else has trained, that we shall be on the road to national efficiency. This statement clearly indicates the view that any man could be trained to simply follow a procedure and that would lead to great results. However, to fully understand scientific management it is important to understand the mind of the man from whom it originated: Frederick Winslow Taylor (Roper). Frederick Winslow Taylor was a member of the middle or upper middle classes of his time (Guru). He was born in 1856 into a family of Quakers, who believed in â€Å"plain living,† (Guru). His father was an attorney and Taylor graduated with a degree in industrial engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in New Jersey (Guru). As can be expected, based on this resume, Taylor was a part of management. In fact, while he worked his way through school, his jobs were those of a skilled worker, not a laborer (Guru). He worked in a metal products factory as a machinist where he eventually became a foreman (Guru). Then, he was promoted into the role of a research director and â€Å"finally achieved the position of chief engineer.† (Guru). The fact that Taylor was born into a family headed by an attorney and his ability to attend college, even though he worked, seems to attest to the fact that he was from the higher classes of the time. Student loans and programs by the government were not available at the time to assure that students could afford an education if their families were unable to pay for them. Taylor’s jobs, although he worked as a machinist for years, also indicate that he was never a laborer on an assembly line or a member of that class of workers that was lowest in the society of the time. Taylor’s views, therefore, can be seen to more closely aligned to those of managers and employers than to labor. A person’s view point is greatly shaped by their upbringing and life experiences. Taylor’s life is almost empty of any contact with, or connection to, an average laborer. Taylor’s father was very successful as an attorney. Taylor spent his early teen years in private schoo ls in France and Germany (Stearns). He then attended the famous Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and was set to attend Harvard University Law School (Stearns). Society at the time of Taylor’s life was very different from the democratic and accepting society of today. Those who lived in Taylor’s circles did not associate or interact with those in the lower classes (Stearns). People were expected to be born in a certain class and die in that class. People obtained the education expected for their class members to have, they worked in jobs their class was expected to obtain, and they were presumed to have intelligence, feelings, and thoughts which their â€Å"class† was stereotyped as having (Stearns). Taylor is often perceived as looking â€Å"down† on the lower classes and the laborers of his day (Schachter). This was the era of the Industrial Revolution, where people were being looked at by employers and those who were building the American industrial complex, as machines (Stearns). Just as a motor’s part can be replaced, employers thought of employees are interchangeable parts of the machinery of the assembly line (Stearns). Indeed, there are several  documented instances where Taylor speaks of workers as lacking in intelligence or being lazy in their work (Schachter). In particular, there is one instance in which he observes a German bricklayer doing his job and describes him as lazy and unintelligent due to the way he performs his work (Schachter). However, in reality this â€Å"simple† man, was not only working full time as a bricklayer, but had also managed to purchase a parcel of land and was in the process of building his own home, on which he would work after his normal twelve hour day was over (Schachter). This was the stereotypical view of laborers, that they had no purpose, role, or life, nor could they benefit society in any other way than as labor, or a part of the â€Å"industrial machine†. In fact, it is this view of so much of humanity as being nothing more than parts of a large industrial machine that people such as Max Weber began to look at the way in which society was devaluing humanity (SJSUIE). It is interesting, however, that while Weber’s management theories were meant to humanize production, in the areas of sociology, his theory of management was one that also can be seen as evolving out of a fixed view of class and social structure. Weber’s â€Å"ideal bureaucracy† formulated a system of management in which a firm hierarchy was put in place (SJSUIE). Through this system all involved were to firmly know and understand their responsibilities and duties (SJSUIE). Another system of â€Å"rules† for the new industrial complexes that were developing came from Henri Fayol (Holmblad). Fayol’s work went beyond that of Weber to provide more guidance for management as to their roles (Holmblad). Fayol established the five principle roles of management at this time: to forecast and plan; to organize; to command; to coordinate; and to control (Holmblad). Both of Weber’s and Fayol’s theories are interesting concerned only with the structure of management or the role of those in management (Holmblad). The viewpoint taken by both of these theories is that the important part of management is the managers and labor merely has to follow their managers’ orders. This is perfectly in li ne with the view taken of labor at the time period. It is in this society that the theory of scientific management developed. Taylor was convinced that efficiency and productivity could be obtained through the use of study of motion and the use of that work to develop efficient production methods (Wrege). As Taylor argued, the techniques of science, so respected in society, could be applied to labor  (Salvendy). This would permit the discovery of the most productive means of building a product or completing a process in the production of that product (Salvendy). Taylor believed people needed to be observed to understand the movements involved in their work (Salvendy; Wrege). These individual movements then could be further broken down to help identify the procedures necessary to accomplish them (Salvendy). In the end, Taylor would develop a production method, similar to the way machines are now designed, that would produce the most units in the least amount of time (Berdayes; Guru). Workers were instructed on exactly how to accomplish a task and were not to deviate from the procedures designed by Taylor ( Salvendy). Taylor’s scientific management was a great success during Taylor’s lifetime (Schacter). Because the term â€Å"scientific† was associated with the work, and as Taylor devised human body diagrams to â€Å"prove† how its movements were the most efficient, the theory gained great respect and generated great debate (Berdayes). One commentator argued that scientific management was a process in which â€Å"the person’s activity is thereby reduced to repeating a fractional operation at the tempo of the machine. At the extreme of this approach the person is simply subsumed as one more mechanized component of production with precisely specifiable fuel, cooling, and other operational requirements,† (Berdayes). Throughout the study the laborer in scientific management was reduced to a laboratory animal that was observed in its environment and after the study was reduced to a machine part in how they were required to work. The method was not loved by all or praised by all, regardless of its success. Interestingly, however, unlike Weber or Fayol, Taylor f ocused his improvements for the industrial complex at the level of the labor pool, not that of management. His theory appealed to management because it provided clear cut order and direction for workers, but it was based on the need to have workers follow a certain order. This too meant the theory worked on a principle of hierarchy, in which management controlled, but at least Taylor saw that labor also played a role in production. It has been said that Taylor’s methods were driven only for the benefit of management, but Taylor did not feel this way (Schachter). There is some evidence that Taylor’s deep devotion to labor studies and motions to find the most efficient work process may have been a way to help keep management from taking advantage of workers (Schachter). During the industrial revolution  managers would pay many laborers by the piece, say at a rate of $0.02 per nut or bolt produced (Schachter). Often, to earn more, workers would quickly develop faster means of production (Schachter). When that happened, however, management would then change the piece rate they paid because, they told their workers, their fast rate of production meant the work was too simple and should not be so highly paid (Schachter). Taylor may have wanted to keep management honest and felt that by developing a clear work process management could not harm labor for efficiency improvements (Schachter). If this view point is correct, then Taylor’s scientific management may have been a way to help labor (Schacter). He may have believed that through scientific management labor would have a proven way to show management that they were acting as best as they could, hence avoiding any arbitrary actions by managers (Schacter). Taylor’s insistence on the use of written instructions, training, and incentive payments to workers can also be said to signify his belief in the fact that scientific management was a benefit to both employees and management (Guru). Unfortunately, however, that is not how Taylor’s work is remembered today, even though his work is still a part of current management studies (Wagner). Even as the Twentieth Century dawned people were disdainful of Taylor’s scientific management (Roper). The theory was believed to be too dehumanizing (Roper). However, scientific management’s worker efficiency and work processes were still valued, but th ere was a demand for theories that also involved human relations (Roper). For the first time consideration was given to humans who worked at all levels in a company or firm. Workers were looked at as â€Å"sentient† beings, not just as â€Å"tools† who were part of an industrial machine. Finally, it seems, management and workers were viewed as mutual participants in work and the managerial process. This was the main problem with scientific management, and the reason for its disfavor as the Twentieth Century continued (Roper). Society also changed and labor itself placed demand on management and wanted to participate in how their work was to be structured and performed (Roper). In fact, scientific management was once so looked down upon that it was considered a form of slavery (Roper). Detractors argued that management was supposed to be more concerned with the humanity of the people who were being managed than with management needs or desires to â€Å"slave drive† people into production (Roper). Some argued that it  would be better t o motivate and encourage workers to product through the establishment of more humanitarian wages, working conditions, work hours, and job security (Roper). This is one of the times when there were a great number of people convinced of the need for a communist revolution and it was often workers, who suffered the worst working and living conditions society had to offer, even through the First World War, that championed such movements (Roper). The theory of scientific management, as society developed, has been strongly disfavored (Wagner). As society moved away from the conditions that existed during the industrial revolution and left behind the strict beliefs in social class and a person’s proper place in society, the belief that labor had to be â€Å"instructed† into how to perform each minute step of their jobs was seen as insulting (Roper). The view that the lowest level employee would not understand how best to accomplish a task, and that, indeed, there was only â€Å"one best way† to perform a task, was discredited (Roper). However, parts of scientific management are still recognized for the work Taylor completed in the principle of efficiency (Taylor). Seen as a social philosophy, instead of a management theory, scientific management does have application, at the personal level, to everyone who needs to complete a task, from a baker to a zoologist (Roper). Scientific management can be viewed as an early introduction of the principle of efficiency in labor and society. The idea that through thought and observation a person could perform regular tasks faster and more easily remains a very important part of work and life in our busy world. References Berdayes, V. (2002). Traditional Management Theory as Panoptic Discourse: Language and the Constitution of Somatic Flows. Culture and Organization, Vol. 8(1), pp. 35–49. Guros on Managing People. (NA). Fredrick Winslow Taylor: (1856-1915). Kerns, D. (2008). History of Management Theory. San Jose State University Industrial Engineering, SJSU ISE. 250. Retrieved September 23, 2008, from http://www.kernsanalysis.com/sjsu/ise250/history.doc Holmblad, K. (2008). Some effects of Fayolism. International Studies of Management Organization, Spring 2008, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 30 – 49. Roper, M. (2001). Masculinity and the Biographical Meanings of Management Theory: Lyndall Urwick and the Making of Scientific Management in Inter-war Britain. Gender, Work and Organization, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2001. Salvendy, G. (2004). Classification of Human Motions. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomic Science, March–April 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 169–178. Schachter, H. L. (1989). Frederick Taylor and the Public Administration Community: A Reevaluation. (Albany: State University of New York Press). Stearns, P.N. (2007). The Industrial Revolution in World History, Third Edition. New York: Westview Press). Wagner, T.S. (2007). An Institutional Economic Reconstruction of Scientific Management: on the Lost Theoretical Logic of Taylorism. Emerald Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 105 – 118. Wrege, C.D. (2008). F.W. Taylors Lecture on Management, June 4, 1907: an Introduction. Journal of Management History, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 209 – 213.

Computer Information Systems Brief Essay Example for Free

Computer Information Systems Brief Essay In order for the company to continue to thrive, consideration of growth opportunities will also be analyzed. In addition, the threats that Kudler may encounter if changes are not implemented will also be discussed throughout this evaluation. The owner of Kudler Fine Food stores offer gourmet foods and fine wines all within one location. All store locations offer baked goods, meat, seafood, produce, cheese, dairy products, and wine with little or no preservatives added. The success of Kudler Fine Foods is in part from the systems that the stores have in place. For example, the current computer system is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, the owner provides training to all employees and is, therefore, understood by all employees. This understanding of the computer system enables the daily operations of the business to thrive as sales increase. As the company moves forward and introduces changes with technological advances, continued employee training is a must with the installation of new hardware and software programs. The number of products that must be accounted for, on a daily basis, at the Kudler locations is extensive. Presently, Kudler’s accounting data is collected by point-of-sale (POS) terminals in each store. The terminals are used as cash registers when customers check-out. The POS system records all sales, items, quantities, prices, taxes and totals for all transactions. â€Å"These intelligent terminals use keypads, touch screens, bar code scanners, and other input methods to capture data and interact with end users during a transaction, while relying on servers or other computers in the network for further transaction processing† (O’Brien Marakas, 2008, p. 81). Furthermore, functions are available for various types of sales reports to be created with the current system. However, the current system does not meet the needs of the business as the computer system is outdated. Furthermore, the founder of the company, Kathy Kudler, is having great difficulty with monitoring the needs of the three stores and the situation will soon become overwhelming with further expansion. Ms. Kudler needs a computer system that will accommodate her current and future needs for her growing gourmet food business. Currently, each of locations operates with a stand-alone POS system. Ms. Kudler must travel between stores to ensure the managers are meeting her high standards and creates a substantial loss in productivity. The lack of remote access also presents an issue for the future expansion plans for the business. With no way to access accounting, inventory, and sales information, successful expansion will not be possible. Ms. Kudler’s presence is a daily requirement at each location to manage the operations, inventory, sales, etc. and without updated computer technology the company cannot see any further growth. Not only is the company facing limited expansion possibilities, but current security measures are not sufficient. Although Kudler’s present system is password protected and has backup capability, financial information may be in jeopardy. With the implementation of a new system can easily remedy this situation giving added security to the company. In addition to the company’s financial information, protection to the company’s customer base should also be of great concern. In particular, the customer’s credit card information is at high risk. Additional security measures addressing such concerns as passwords, employee identification numbers, and restricting employee personal use must be applied. For example, a proxy server can limit the employee’s internet access to approved websites (Bargranoff, Simkin, Strand, 2008). Not only will a proxy server prevent counterproductive activity from employees, but it will also limit the exposure to threats from viruses, theft, and internet hackers. There are both strengths and weaknesses with Kudler’s Fine Foods current computer technology practices. Kudler Fine Foods uses the POS system to record sales, items, quantities, prices, taxes and totals for all transactions. However a continuous challenge Ms. Kudler faces is the purchasing of additional inventory. The company uses forecasting, which allows the company to replenish its inventory based upon historical sales information. For the company to monitor its supply, a system must be implemented that will track individual items and allow managers to re-order necessary inventory from this information. The issue with a forecasting inventory system is that the decisions are based upon past performance, 2 to 3 years old. Unfortunately, sales do not follow the same pattern from year to year. In addition, sales from holidays, birthdays, weddings, and the like are not accounted for under the forecasting system. Every year orders will continue to change depending on the economic stability of the state. Furthermore, holidays will not always be on the same day and will subsequently affect the forecasting information. In the event that too much inventory is order, the excess is donated to charity if in good condition, if not the excess is thrown away. Inventory management is crucial due to the perishing potential of the inventory items. It is a delicate balance because to satisfy customers, there must be enough on hand merchandise to avoid sales losses. It is imperative that Kudler Fine Foods increase the use of technology, if the company is to continue to grow and thrive. Most importantly that is a definite need for a network to assist Ms. Kudler with her communication needs between her stores and add updated software to handle the company’s inventory needs. To implement the new technology, funding and training will be required. The procurement of new software will be required for Ms. Kudler and her employees to run effectively and efficiently.

Depression in Children and Adolescents

Depression in Children and Adolescents I.INTRODUCTION. A. Greeting. Good Afternoon, my name is Sonia Cruz. Today Iï ¿ ½m going to talk about Depression in Children and Adolescents. B. Attention Grabber. Concord McGrath, Michael According to the Centers for Disease Control The suicide rate in the U.S. is 11 per 100,000 people. This makes the national suicide rate significantly higher than the nationï ¿ ½s homicide rate, with three suicides for every two homicides. Many of 30,000 suicides reported annually in the United States result from depression. Depression accounts for two thirds of all suicides. Suicide rates amongst children are especially alarming, with untreated depression identified as the single greatest suicide risk. Suicide ranks as the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds, and the fourth leading cause of death for children aged 10 to 14 (McGrath, Michael.) C. Credibility Statement. Today I chose to talk about this topic because my best friend started to develop a very severe depression at a very young age I didnt know what was happening to her until she attempted to commit suicide, she opened herself after the incident, and began to relate me how life was so unfair with her and how she rather preferred to die than to live an empty life. D. Relevance. It is important to know what depression is because is not just the blues a child or adolescent may possible have, but it can be a serious mental illness, in addition it is a disorder that affects and causes pain for both the person with the disorder and the ones who care about these young people. E. Thesis Statement My objective today is to inform why children and teens may have depression, the different types of depression young people can experience, as well what can be done to help children and adolescents who suffer from depression. F. Preview. Children and adolescents are the future of our country, however many of these kids and teens are suffering from a mental illness that interfere with their daily life routines. One of these mental health problems is depression a mental illness that is real, painful, and furthermore serious to deal with causing young people to commit suicide. There are different types of depression and have distinctive symptoms, causes, and effects. Being able to identify what kind of depression a children or teen may have can help us to recognize the symptoms, and to be aware if this young people may have depression. G.[Transition] Know im going to talk the reason this young people may suffer from depression. II. BODY. A. Main Point#1: Depression is one of the mental and emotional behaviors that affect everyone including children and adolescents. There have been a lot of research to find out what may cause depression, however there is no a clear understanding of this mental illness at the moment, but the believe it is that is caused by a combination of biological and environmental factors. 1. Depression itï ¿ ½s caused by different factors such as genetics. Children and teenagers that have a family history of depression are more susceptible to get depression although some are not affecting by these genes and are not affected by this mental illness. Genetics can play a big role in depression, still is not the single cause of depression. 2. Life events also play an important role in depression. Infants and teens find very difficult to assimilate a tragic events such as the death of a love one, which can lead to grief and sadness. Other difficult life events are when parents divorced or remarry, or lose of a relationship; even events like moving from neighborhood or changing school can be emotionally challenging enough that can also lead to depression. 3. An additional cause that can lead to depression is the environment in which some children and teens live such as: a negative family atmosphere, or a stressful experience in school that affects their self- esteem and lead to depression. 4. When young people have depression they find difficult to fit in with everyday activities and daily responsibilities. They have difficulties getting along with others and suffer from low self-esteem; signs of depression include: sadness that will not end hopelessness, boredom, unexplained irritability or crying, loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable, difficulty concentrating, reckless behavior, and frequent thoughts about death or suicide. 5.[Transition] Although it is important to know why children and teens can have depression, it is also important to know the different types of depression these young people can experience. B. Main Point #2 According to Schoenstadt, Arthur There are a number of different types of depression that a person can experience. Several of them start during the teenage years. The most frequently diagnosed types of depression in teens include: Major depression Dysthymia and Bipolar disorder (Schoenstadt, Arthur) 1.Major depression: Major depression is also known as clinical depression,unipolar depression, and major depressive disorder. This type of depression last at least 7 to 9 months and its symptoms are lack of pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable, persistent feel of sadness sleep problems, loss of appetite, inability to concentrate, memory problems, and aches and pains. People who suffer from this condition often feel worthless, helpless, and hopeless about their ability to fix things. Children and teens who suffer from this kind of depression relay on sleep because when they wake up they see the real world as their nightmare.Sometimes, when major depression goes untreated, it will run its course and leave by itself. Recent research has shown that genetic and stress play a role in major depression . 2.Dysthymia depression: Dysthymia depression also known as double depression. This kind of depression last at least two weeks this depression its almost the same as major depression the only difference its that has milder symptoms and last shorter. Some symptoms of dystymia depression in children and teens are: poor school or work performance, social withdrawal ,shyness ,irritable hostility ,conflicts with family and friends and sleep irregularities According to Healthy Place About three percent of the population will suffer from dysthymia at some time a rate slightly lower than the rate of major depression. Like major depression, dysthymia occurs twice as often in women as it does in men. It is also more common among the poor and the unmarried. The symptoms of dysthymia usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood but in some cases do not emerge until middle age. 3.Bipolar depression disorder: Bipolar disorder also known as Manic-depressive illness this type of depression has severe symptoms this disorder causes change in moods as an example people who experience this disorder experience unusually intense emotional state that occur in distinct period its called mood episodes or an overly joyful state is called manic episode and an extremely sad or hopeless state is called a mixed state. Another symptom is the change on energy, activity levels and the ability to do normal tasks in daily routines. Bipolar disorder symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor school or job performance, and may even lead to suicide. Some people start to develop this disorder during childhood, but normally develops in a persons late teens 4.[Transition] Equally important is to know what can be done to help children and teens who suffer from depression. C. Main Point #3 When children and teens are depressed it doesnt affect them only, it also affect the ones who care about him. That is why relatives and friend should be aware of what can they do to help. The first and most important thing relatives and friend can do to help a young person with depression is to seek professional help. 1. A doctor or mental health professional will make an evaluation and will diagnostic if the child or teen have depression; why he or she might have depression and what type of depression she or he might have.Once diagnosed, the child or teen with depression she or he can be treated with a number of methods. The most common treatments are psychotherapy and antidepressants. 2. Psychotherapy is the treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being personality growth and behavior modification.This process is often call talk therapy because it involves the patient and therapist sitting in a room talking. Concord Schimelpfening, Nanci Psychotherapy can be an effective treatment for depression, because it helps the patient delve into the underlying reasons for his depression and learn new coping skills. Good evidence exists that one particular type of psychotherapy, called cognitive-behavioral therapy, may be just as effective as an antidepressant in treating depression. Several studies suggest, however, that the combination of an antidepressant and psychotherapy is the best approach. While psychotherapy is useful for ferreting out the psychological factors that contribute to depression, antidepressant medication corrects the underlying chemical imbalance( Schimelpfening, Nanci).Psychotherapy treatments are usually the first choice for children and adolescents this can be an individual therapy or a family therapy or both. 3. According to the National Institute of Mental Health Depression is commonly treated with antidepressant medications. Antidepressants work to balance some of the natural chemicals in our brains. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters, and they affect our mood and emotional responses (Depression). Antidepressants are prescription drugs that help people achieve their recovery, but as all drugs it have many benefits as well side effecs that is why these antidepressants should only be taken under a doctors supervision, whether antidepressant medication is the best treatment option depends on how severe the child or teen depression is, their history of illness, and their personal preferences, most teens do best with a combination of medications for depression and therapy. 4.When children and adolescents are going through treatment is important to support them to listen to them and to tell them how important they are. III. CONCLUSION A. Signal Before concluding my talk. I hope and i make clear what is depresion on children and adolescent. B. Thesis Restatement. My purpose today was to give you information about the different types of depression young people can experience, as well what can be done to help children and adolescents who suffer from depression. C.Summary of Main Points. 1.Main Point #1 Know you know that depression is a mental and emotional illness that can have many different factors such as biological and environmental. 2.Main Point#2 Secondly and not least important we have a clear understanding of the different types of depression and how they affect children and adolescents. 3.Main Point#3 Today we also learn what can relatives and friends can do to help a child or teen who is facind depression. D.Concluding Remarks,Memorable Statement, and/or call to action Why live? Why die? to keep on living an empty life. these word were from a 14 years old who commit suicide from depression

A View From Teh Bridge :: essays research papers

A View from the Bridge - Carbone family and community in scene 1 [-red-] Eddie is very protective of Catherine. Eddie seems very concerned as to the welfare of Catherine. "Where you goin' all dressed up?" "where you goin'?" "whats going on?" "I think its too short ain't it?" Eddie doesn't want Catherine to grow up "you're walking wavy!" He is concerned that she might get sexually assaulted or may be taken advantage of by men. Catherine disapproves of his protectiveness and nearly starts to cry "almost in tears because she disapproves". There seems to be a link between Catherine and B, Catherine wanted to wait until B was there before she broke her news. It is as if B understands Catherine but Eddie does not. This is shown by the fact the Catherine brakes the news to B. before she tells Eddie. Catherine feels that she can be more open with B than with Eddie. Eddie thinks that B. is too friendly, he is worried that they might end up sleeping on the floor and their guests might end up having the beds. Eddie wants Catherine to finish school and once again this shows concern for Catherine, but B sides with Catherine, once again it is as if they have an understanding with each other. B knows that Eddie is being too over protective and that they cannot keep Catherine in cotton wool all of her life. Eddie does want the best for Catherine but B realises that she may not get another well-paid job like this one. Eddie considers Catherine as a little project "I supported you this far I want to support you a little more". As a result Eddie finds it hard to let go of Catherine. This is shown by the fact that is takes Eddie a while to be persuaded by B. that the work is the best thing. Eddie is worried that once Catharine has her job she will get her own place and they will never see her again. "And then you will come visit on Sundays, then once a month, then Christmas and new years finally" I get the idea that B understands what Eddie is going through and that there is an understanding between them because of this. After reading the 1st scene that Catherine objects to being wrapped in cotton wool for all of her life, she wants to walk wavy and she want to go out with boys.

Guitar History :: essays research papers

The guitar is a fretted, stringed instrument, and is a member of the lute family. It originated in Persia and reached Spain during the twelth-century, where it ¹s versatility as both a solo and accompanying instrument were established. The theory of the guitar was discovered in the early centuries. They found that the sound of a bowstring could be enhanced by attaching a resonating chamber -most like a tortiseshell- to the bow. From the bow came essentially three main types of stringed instruments: the Harp family, which was the sound of plucked strings indirectly transmitted to an attached sound box. The second was the Lyre family, which was strings of a fixed pitch are attached to the directly to a sound chamber. And the third was the Lute family, this was were the pitch of strings was altered by pressing them against a neck that is attached directly to a sound chamber. Within the Lute family came two groups. The lutes proper which had rounded backs and the guitar type instrument s with their flat backs. Guitar-shaped instruments appear in stone bas-relief sculptures of the hittites in northern Syria and Asia Minor from as far back as 1350 B.C. The word guitar also has origins in the middle and far east, deriving from gut, is the Arabic word for four, and tar, the Sanskrit word for string. The earliest European guitars did have four courses of gut strings. A 2 course is a pair of strings tuned in unison. These early guitars were distinguished from lutes by body sides that curved inward to form a waist and by four courses of strings. Some but not all early guitars had a flat back, while lutes always had a flat back. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the lute was the dominant fretted instrument. The lute with was pear-shaped and had five or more courses of strings was generally regarded as a higher class of instrument. By 1546 the guitar had gained enough popularity to merit the publication of a book of guitar music. By this time guitars had added another course, and modern tuning had come into existence. Chord positions were the same as they are today. The frets of the early guitars were made of gut and tied around the neck. This made placement of frets very difficult. The early guitars were also much shorter in length than todays guitars. Guitar History :: essays research papers The guitar is a fretted, stringed instrument, and is a member of the lute family. It originated in Persia and reached Spain during the twelth-century, where it ¹s versatility as both a solo and accompanying instrument were established. The theory of the guitar was discovered in the early centuries. They found that the sound of a bowstring could be enhanced by attaching a resonating chamber -most like a tortiseshell- to the bow. From the bow came essentially three main types of stringed instruments: the Harp family, which was the sound of plucked strings indirectly transmitted to an attached sound box. The second was the Lyre family, which was strings of a fixed pitch are attached to the directly to a sound chamber. And the third was the Lute family, this was were the pitch of strings was altered by pressing them against a neck that is attached directly to a sound chamber. Within the Lute family came two groups. The lutes proper which had rounded backs and the guitar type instrument s with their flat backs. Guitar-shaped instruments appear in stone bas-relief sculptures of the hittites in northern Syria and Asia Minor from as far back as 1350 B.C. The word guitar also has origins in the middle and far east, deriving from gut, is the Arabic word for four, and tar, the Sanskrit word for string. The earliest European guitars did have four courses of gut strings. A 2 course is a pair of strings tuned in unison. These early guitars were distinguished from lutes by body sides that curved inward to form a waist and by four courses of strings. Some but not all early guitars had a flat back, while lutes always had a flat back. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the lute was the dominant fretted instrument. The lute with was pear-shaped and had five or more courses of strings was generally regarded as a higher class of instrument. By 1546 the guitar had gained enough popularity to merit the publication of a book of guitar music. By this time guitars had added another course, and modern tuning had come into existence. Chord positions were the same as they are today. The frets of the early guitars were made of gut and tied around the neck. This made placement of frets very difficult. The early guitars were also much shorter in length than todays guitars.

Isolation in Brave New World Essay -- Brave New World

Isolation in Brave New World    "If one's different, one's bound to be lonely."   -John "The Savage" In the Brave New World, people who are different from the normal standard are alienated and isolated from society because of their individuality. The society of the Brave New World is structured and ordered – the government attempts to control everything. Alienation in the Brave New World can be categorized into three areas, appearance, intellect, and morals.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bernard Marx was alienated in the Brave New World because of his general appearance. As an Alpha Plus, Bernard was unusually short and ugly. Suggested by Fanny, Bernard's condition resulted from an error when he was still in a bottle, the workers "thought he was a Gamma and put alcohol into his blood surrogate." Bernard did not fit in the structured order of the Brave New World and was therefore shunned by others. The error resulted in Bernard developing outside the barriers of his caste level. His ugliness and short stature led Bernard to become a perpetual outsider, alienated by society. As an outsider, Bernard was cynical of the order and structure of the Brave New World. He eschewed Electric Golf, and other social amusements in favor of loneliness and solidarity activities, such as, thinking. Bernard attempted to find a way "to be happy in some other way," in his own way, not the established way.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to alienation because of appearance, alienation can result from extreme intellect, or exceptional gifts of talent. Helmholtz Watson, an emotional engineer, was "a little too able" in his work. As Bernard was isolated from a physical defect, Helmholtz was isolated from mental excess. Despite being an "Escalato... ...re different and attempts to either ridicule, exemplify, or ignore them. In the Brave New World, society aims to preserve the homologous nature of living. With strict rules, crowd mentality and community actives the Brave New World attempts to get rid of the individual. Hypnopedia messages such as "When the individual feels, the community reels," and "Everybody belongs to everyone else," the Brave New World attempts to diminish the value of individuality and seeks instead to promote the idea of society first. Bernard, Helmholtz, and John are the few individuals of the Brave New World. They differ from the rest of society, because they recognize their uniqueness and realize that they are apart from society. It is because of their self-realization of their individuality that they are condemned to be ostracized from society and to live outside the Brave New World.   

Economics and Global Business Applications Essay

Elasticity of demand is a measure of responsiveness to a price change of a good or service. When demand is elastic, the percentage of a price change of a product will result in a larger percentage of quantity demanded (McConnell, p 77). It basically means reducing the price of a good service will result in a greater quantity demanded and an increase in revenue for the seller. When demand is inelastic, a change in price will result in a reduction of quantity demanded, which will then lead to a revenue decrease (McConnell, p 77). To demonstrate elastic and inelastic demand results, Company A sells 100 pens at $1.00 a piece each day, making their revenue $100.00. Company A then decides to sell their pens at $.50, which results in a total of 250 pens being sold. The total revenue from the price drop is $125, resulting in an additional $25.00; therefore the demand in this scenario is elastic. If selling the pens at the decreased price of $.50 would result in more pens being sold, but less total revenue, the demand is said to inelastic. According to McConnell, when demand in unit elastic, the percentage change in price and the resulting percentage changes in demand are the same. The change in price will not increase or decrease revenue. Cross price elasticity measures the response of demand to a change in price of another substitute or complimentary good (McConnell, p. 87). Substitute goods are goods that can be purchased in place of another good. Examples of substitute goods are soda (buying Coke vs. Pepsi), computers, and potato chips. A positive cross elasticity of demand means the increase of price in one good, for example Coca-Cola, will increase the demand of a substitute good, for example Pepsi. As the price for Coke increases, consumers are more likely to purchase Pepsi at a lower price, thereby increasing its demand. Complementary goods are items that are typically purchased in conjunction within one another. Examples are ringed binders and notebook paper, pencils and erasers, and potato chips and dip. A negative cross elasticity of demand in complementary goods means that the increase in price of one good, an example being potato chips, will decrease the demand for the complementary product that goes with it, the dip. Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of consumers to changes in their incomes (McConnell, p 88). Demand for normal goods tends to increase as consumers’ incomes increase and conversely, demand for inferior goods tends to decrease as consumers’ income increases. Demand is elastic where there is a large availability of substitutes. The reason for this as the price of a good increases, if there is a large amount of substitutes for this particular good, the consumer will choose the substitute. As discussed earlier, soda is an excellent example of this elasticity. Airline tickets are another example. As one airline raises its cost of a ticket or to even pay for a bag to be checked, a consumer will more likely choose a cheaper ticket or an airline that doesn’t charge for baggage over the original. If there is no (or a very limited) amount of substitutes for a good, elasticity is said to be negative. A price change in medication will not likely change the behavior of a consumer relative to demand since there isn’t a substitute to taking the medication. Household utilities are another example of a limited amount of substitutes. In discussing the proportion if one’s income devoted to a good concept, the household budget comes into play. In a given month, households pay for many different good and services. A change in price may or may not affect the households demand for those goods and services. Often, it is dependant on how much of the household budget is devoted to that good or service. Mobile phone service is an excellent example of a service that will most likely have a large amount of a household budget dedicated to it. A change in price in the cell phone service will most likely result in that family making a decision to change to a cheaper service, since that will have a large impact on their budget. On the other hand, that same household may purchase light bulbs each month. The amount of money dedicated to the purchase of light bulbs is so small, that a price increase will not likely affect the budget, therefore the family will not likely make a decision to change to a cheaper bulb. The concept of time when discussing demand is important. When a consumer has a large amount of time to decide on the purchase of a good or service, the elasticity is positive. Conversely, if there is little time, the elasticity is said to be negative. According to McConnell, and excellent example of this is gasoline for automobiles. Gasoline prices change daily and more often than not, prices rise. A family, who owns a car and is dependent on that car for work, etc, will not likely stop buying gas in the sort-term, because it is crucial to their everyday living. However, that family over a long period of time may decide to find alternate means of travel, decreasing their demand for gas. Using the graphs for elasticity of demand and total revenue, areas of elasticity, inelasticity and unit elasticity have been identified. Demand is elastic between the prices of $80.00 and $50.00, meaning the demand increases as the price decreases, resulting in an increase of total revenue. Between the prices of $50.00 and $40.00, the demand in unit elastic, meaning the percentage of drop in price resulted in the same percentage of increase in demand. Revenue remained unchanged in this price range. Between the prices of $40.00 and $0, the demand is inelastic, meaning the price drop has resulted in an increase in demand, but not enough to over come the decrease. Total revenue has been negatively impacted.

Carter Case Essay

1) First, how would you recommend we go about reducing the perturbation in our stores? disturbance is a paradox that is apparent to be present in any low payed, low trained demarcation. Carter cleanup shag directly progeny this upset rate in a positive way through roughly guidance. Some great incentive for large number to watch with a business is by providing opportunities for advancement. This could be practiced by Carter Cleaning by offering watchfulness positions to batch who apply back been locking with the organization and fit(p) the criteria. Also, they could offer incentives such as dismiss dry cleaning for the employees families as incentive to stay.Another way to reduce turnover is to deliver the goods a functional, employee engaged, and cheerful recreate environment. Making the work shoot for an enjoyable image for employees is a huge part in getting them to stay with the participation. TLNT suggests, create important employee experiences, to help reduce turnover. Finally they crumb also provide very fictile work schedules, so that people have a greater comfort and liberty to work when they would like.The Wall Street diary suggests, Pay attention to employees personal necessitate and offer more flexibility where you jakes, in order to reduce turnover. Another holy man of attacking the turnover problem is by having a good hiring process. Hiring good fits for a job is important in keeping them active in the business. This can be done as Heathfield argues in about.com by, make out the right people in the get-go bil allow through behavior-establish testing and ability screening. If Carter Cleaning implements these suggestions a decrease in turnover can definitely be expected.2) Provide a detailed deduct of recommendations concerning how we should go about increasing our puss of acceptable job applicants so we no longer face the need to wage almost anyone who walks in the door.Many ideas come straight out of my Hum an alternative Management text book to settle this question. An important place to start would be forecasting workforce and turnover for the business. This can be done by conceive statistical data over the ancient years. That way the company knows when they are likely to need new hires. The second favorable function that should be done is an increased applicant pool.This can be obtained in some(prenominal) ways. First, I would create interest in working at the business by promoting its job strengths in the local areas. They could bring forward themselves as a pleasant place to work, or a flexible place to work. This can be done by bulletins, web advertisements, and window signs. A unassailable and good target will captivate more people to want to work and apply to Carters Cleaning Company,should build its brand or reputation amongst potential applicants (Dessler, 114). Also, let applicants know of any benefits for working with the company, and promoting the hypothesis of advancement from within. This will draw sign interest to the company.The company must come through on the internet, For most employers and for most jobs, Internet-based recruiting is by far the recruiting source of choice (Dessler, 116). This makes it low-cal for interested parties to apply to the company. Creation of an impelling and idle to use application for twain the web and walk-ins is crucial. This will provide an easy selection process for Carter Cleaning, and less bicker for interested parties. These promotions must be efficaciously placed throughout the web to line the correct type of people that would be interested in this kind of job. This can be done by utilizing social media such as facebook, myspace, and linkedIn.These pages can be crawled virtually to figure possible applicants based on a number of related items such as location, interest, and education. To even boost increase the applications, referrals are very effective. Jennifer should tolerate new j ob openings and requests for referrals on the companys website, bulletin board, and/or wallboards (Dessler, 125). Employee referrals typically provide accurate information about the job applicants they refer, which will make it easier to find restricted applicants to fill opened positions with qualified employees that will most likely stay at the company over sixsome months (Dessler, 125). Finally, there needs to be a place to record applications for future use. This could each be done on a computer or physical files. The staple way of solving this problem is to keep job interest high by promotions, and possible hires close at turn with the use of application records.ReferencesExperiencing Employee disturbance to a greater extent Tips to Reduce Employee TurnoverHow to Reduce Employee Turnover Management WSJ.com10 Tips For Reducing Employee TurnoverDessler, G. (2014). Fundamentals of human resource management (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson.

Organic vs. Conventional Foods Essay

For years, at that place has been a debate on how food is self-aggrandizing. Should it be fundamental or conventionally great(p)? To answer this question, the difference between the dickens needs to be known. entire win is grown without chemic fertilizers and pesticides. innate livestock is free ranged, intimately of the time, with no added antibiotic drugs or growth horm unitarys. stuffyly grown produce is usually processed after being harvested. They are also sprayed with chemical pesticides and enriched with polluting fertilizers.ResearchStanford University has held over 250 investigations that compared the nutritional value of native and traditional crops. These studies extract that organic foods tend to contain sparingly to a greater extent phosphorous, a higher level of omega3 fatty acids, and a 30% lower ramble of chemical residue. However, traditional chicken and pork is onethird more(prenominal) exchangeablely to contain antibiotic bacteria than organic meats. Bacterias that slip food inebriety are equally present in some(prenominal) traditional and organic. They provoke pocket-sized difference in nutritional value. constituent(a)When people see organic, they now think pesticidefree. constitutional products can lighten be designate as organic, even if they contain mercantile pesticides. The U.S. Department of Agriculture stated that almost 20% of organic lettuce showed up as positive for containing apesticide called spinosad. Spinosad comes from a innately occurring bacterium in soil. Although it is considered slightly toxic to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), it can be use while tillage and still be labeled as organic. Spinosad, under the name Entrust, is especially foul to the nervous system of insects, and small marine life, like mollusks.Spinosad, as well as compounds made of infixed elements like sulfur and copper, have made it onto a list of pesticides open for use on organic crops, which you can find o n the USDA website. total farming became popular in the 1970s when the graduation pesticides and fertilizers were introduced. The effects of the chemicals they contained were soon noticed. The chemicals paralyzed the nervous system of many people. People became concerned with what they were consuming.Organic produce may have a longer transshipment center time and lower input follows, but there is more bad that comes out of it than there is good. Organic crops have a longer growing time. Organic farming also requires more skill than indispensable for traditional farming and has higher risks of soil erosion. in spite of the disadvantages, organic farming is more popular than ever. Organic products tend to have a more natural taste, and is believed to decrease the risk of the avian flu.ConventionalSince organic farming is becoming so popular, traditional farming is beginning to be frowned upon. It is believed to be highly wicked and an environmental risk. However, that is not the case. Conventional farmers are starting to focus on soil fertility techniques, such as crop rotation and composting. Although some farmers still use chemical based fertilizers, herbicides, andpesticides, others have switched to fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides with little to no chemicals.Conventional farms can produce more crops per acre, replenish soil, decrease risk and topsoil erosion. Conventional farming is also cheaper and require less skill. The kernel problems with conventional farming have risen over the years. These problems are becoming more serious. Droughts are a big problem when it comes to traditional farming. Crops rely on rainfall to live and grow properly. If a drouth occurs, it is very likely for starvation in a community to happen. Also, crops must be sprayed with the right enumerate of pesticide or herbicide. If not given the right amount, crops, runoff, and local anaesthetic water sources can be contaminated. Suicide inwardly the conventional farm ing community is also a very common thing. Since 2009, over 200,000 Indian farmers have committed suicide due to debts they could not give in off. The decreased sea levels and organic competition is the cause of their lowering profit.Price DifferencesThe prices of organic products tend to be around three to four dollars more than mending produce and meat. Say you were at the mart store. Your grocery list contained bread, a dozen eggs, and a one-half gallon of milk. If you were to buy these things as conventional products, it would monetary value around $7. However, organic versions of these products would cost about $11.50. Organic products, such as milk, eggs, or chicken, can cost up to five dollars more than conventional products.Which Should I Buy?Every year, the Environmental Working assemblage (EWG) releases two official lists of the crops with the most and least amounts of chemical residues. These lists are called the Clean 15 and the Dirty Dozen. As of 2015, the crops tha t made the Clean 15

Presences of Others Essay

It is shown that mess boast the movement to fulfil get break when in a host this is c e actu on the wholey(prenominal) last(predicate)ed kindly facilitation. thither make recall been a nonher(prenominal) studies through contradicting this and with much(prenominal) knockout experiments it genuinely hurts a almostbodys executing in a assemblage. As Zajonc verbalise a render of foreplay is associate to achievement without the armorial bearing of others. When an individuals is confront with a more(prenominal) k nonty proletariat it whitethorn dispirit that individuals ego see and therefore put across to that psyche non execute at his or her best. roughly wad ar acrophobic of existence judged and this volition uphold all of our figure habitual behaviors over due(p) to a wiped out(p) egotism lever issues. outright with uncomplicated deputes a somebodys exertion contri only ife be a irresponsible and a bear on drive allowing a pe rson to get along soften and restore high goals for themselves and afford high self esteem. I am a person who substructure send with these, in beginning domesticate a a few(prenominal) years spinal column I was very frighten and self conscious well-nigh universe in a physical body d strong with passel I did not tell apart. I watched everything I give tongue to or did and did not privation to up to now go up my debate because I did not urgency to be abashed if I answered wrongly or sounded stupid. At set-back in my family line I did not manage very well with the conclave, but as I got to know everyone my favour fittingness started glide slope out and I was able to upbeat with creation in a root battle cry and excelled.The denomination I claim in the diary of hearty psychology was about a astray received decision that in tender psychology, that the perfect social movement of others reduces fretfulness. ground on Wrightsmans widely p ass judgment findings, that his accept which he in the beginning demonstrate that the simplification of disturbance is less(prenominal) in the figurehead of others (at least(prenominal) firstborns). though Epley raise some questions on the methodological analysis of Wrightsmans break down and about the rattling agreement there was an anxiety reduction, Epley decl ared that it was probably due to the distractions or social equivalence and not average the aim of others. I believe that depending on the space the stem may be in. I in any case nominate that similarly it depends on the side and business at overtake that a free radical is in and if the conditions are unruffled or hectic. The following term I postulate state that the armorial bearing and cause of location and the joining in the midst of the two with the posture of an reference and how they match to the performance. Participants were playacting variant tasks both in group settings an d alone. In group settings word intimacy was mitigate performed compared to business resolution tasks which were more lucky period performed alone. It all depends on the task at take place and in what shoes the task is existence performed in and on a lower floor what conditions. elongation ledger of favorable Psychology. Aug1978, Vol. one hundred five fruit 2, p301. 2p.